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HEXAGRAM 16 – Yu – Enthusiasm
Above CHEN THE AROUSING, THUNDER
Below K’UN THE RECEPTIVE, EARTH
The strong line in the fourth place, that of the leading official,
meets with response and obedience from all the other lines, which are all weak.
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The attribute of the upper trigram, Chen, is movement;
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the attributes of K’un, the lower, are obedience and devotion.
This begins a movement that
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meets with devotion
and therefore
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inspires enthusiasm, carrying all with it.
Of great importance, furthermore, is
the law of movement along the line of least resistance,
which in this hexagram is enunciated as the law
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for natural events and
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for human life.
THE JUDGMENT
ENTHUSIASM.
It furthers one
-
to install helpers And
-
to set armies marching.
The time of ENTHUSIASM derives from the fact that there is at hand
an eminent man who
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is in sympathy with the spirit of the people and
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acts in accord with it.
Hence he finds universal and willing obedience.
To arouse enthusiasm it is necessary for a man to adjust himself and his ordinances
to the character of those whom he has to lead.
The inviolability of natural laws rests on this principle of
movement along the line of least resistance.
These laws are not forces external to things
but represent the harmony of movement immanent in them.
That is
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why the celestial bodies do not deviate from their orbits and
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why all events in nature occur with fixed regularity.
It is the same with human society:
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only such laws as are rooted in popular sentiment can be enforced,
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while laws violating this sentiment merely arouse resentment.
Again,
it is enthusiasm that enables us to install helpers
for the completion of an undertaking without fear of secret opposition.
It is enthusiasm too that can unify mass movements, as in war,
so that they achieve victory.
THE IMAGE
Thunder comes resounding out of the earth: The image of ENTHUSIASM.
Thus the ancient kings
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made music In order to honor merit, And
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offered it with splendor To the Supreme Deity,
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Inviting their ancestors to be present.
When, at the beginning of summer,
-
thunder – electrical energy – comes rushing forth from the earth again, and
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the first thunderstorm refreshes nature,
a prolonged state of tension is resolved.
Joy and relief make themselves felt.
So too,
music has power
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to ease tension within the heart and
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to loosen the grip of obscure emotions.
The enthusiasm of the heart expresses itself involuntarily
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in a burst of song,
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in dance and rhythmic movement of the body.
From immemorial times
the inspiring effect of the invisible sound that
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moves all hearts, and
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draws them together,
has mystified mankind.
Rulers have made use of this natural taste for music;
they elevated and regulated it.
Music was looked upon as something serious and holy,
designed to purify the feelings of men.
It fell to music
-
to glorify the virtues of heroes and thus
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to construct a bridge to the world of the unseen.
In the temple men drew near to God with music and pantomimes
(out of this later the theater developed).
Religious feeling for the Creator of the world was united with
the most sacred of human feelings,
that of reverence for the ancestors.
The ancestors were invited to these divine services
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as guests of the Ruler of Heaven and
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as representatives of humanity in the higher regions.
This uniting of the human past with the Divinity
in solemn moments of religious inspiration
established the bond between God and man.
The ruler who revered the Divinity in revering his ancestors
became thereby the Son of Heaven,
in whom the heavenly and the earthly world met in mystical contact.
These ideas are the final summation of Chinese culture.
Confucius has said of the great sacrifice at which these rites were performed:
“He who
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could wholly comprehend this sacrifice
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could rule the world as though it were spinning on his hand.”
