|
6 |
H | H | H |
3 |
3 |
3 |
9 |
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|
5 |
H | T | T |
3 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
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|
4 |
H | T | T |
3 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
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|
3 |
H | H | H |
3 |
3 |
3 |
9 |
|||
|
2 |
H | H | T |
3 |
3 |
2 |
8 |
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|
1 |
H | T | T |
3 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
HEXAGRAMA 13 – T’ung Jen – Fellowship with Men
Above CH’IEN THE CREATIVE, HEAVEN
Below LI THE CLINGING, FLAME
The image
-
of the upper trigram Ch’ien is heaven, and that
-
of the lower, Li, is flame.
It is the nature of fire to flame up to heaven.
This gives the idea of fellowship.
It is the second line that, by virtue of its central character,
unites the five strong lines around it.
This hexagram forms a complement to Shih, THE ARMY (7).
-
In the latter, danger is within and obedience without –
the character of a warlike army, which, in order to hold together, needs
one strong man among the many who are weak.
-
Here, clarity is within and strength without –
the character of a peaceful union of men, which, in order to hold together, needs
one yielding nature among many firm persons.
THE JUDGMENT
FELLOWSHIP WITH MEN in the open.
Success.
It furthers one to cross the great water.
The perseverance of the superior man furthers.
True fellowship among men must be based upon a concern that is universal.
It is
not the private interests of the individual that create lasting fellowship among men,
but rather the goals of humanity.
That is why it is said that fellowship with men in the open succeeds.
If unity of this kind prevails,
even difficult and dangerous tasks, such as crossing the great water,
can be accomplished.
But in order to bring about this sort of fellowship,
a persevering and enlightened leader is needed –
a man with
-
clear, convincing, and inspiring aims and
-
the strength to carry them out.
-
(The inner trigram means clarity;
-
the outer, strength.)
THE IMAGE
Heaven together with fire: The image of FELLOWSHIP WITH MEN.
Thus the superior man
-
organizes the clans And
-
makes distinctions between things.
Heaven
-
has the same direction of movement as fire,
-
yet it is different from fire.
Just as
-
the luminaries in the sky serve for the systematic division and arrangement of time,
so
-
human society and all things that really belong together must be organically arranged.
Fellowship should not be a mere mingling, of individuals or of things –
that would be chaos, not fellowship.
If fellowship is to lead to order, there must be organization within diversity.
THE LINES
Nine in the third place means:
-
He hides weapons in the thicket;
-
He climbs the high hill in front of it.
For three years he does not rise up.
Here fellowship has changed about to mistrust.
Each man
-
distrusts the other,
-
plans a secret ambush, and
-
seeks to spy on his fellow from afar.
We are dealing with an obstinate opponent whom
we cannot come at by this method.
Obstacles standing in the way of fellowship with others are shown here.
One
-
has mental reservations for one’s own part and
-
seeks to take his opponent by surprise.
This very fact makes one mistrustful,
-
suspecting the same wiles in his opponent and
-
trying to ferret them out.
The result is that one departs further and further from true fellowship.
-
The longer this goes on,
-
the more alienated one becomes.
Nine at the top means:
Fellowship with men in the meadow.
No remorse.
The warm attachment that springs from the heart is lacking here.
We are by this time actually outside of fellowship with others.
However, we ally ourselves with them.
The fellowship
-
does not include all, but
-
only those who happen to dwell near one another.
The meadow is the pasture at the entrance to the town.
At this stage,
-
the ultimate goal of the union of mankind has not yet been attained,
-
but we need not reproach ourselves.
We join the community without separate aims of our own.
MOVING HEXAGRAM
HEXAGRAM 17 – Sui – Following
Above TUI THE JOYOUS, LAKE
Below CHEN THE AROUSING, THUNDER
The trigram Tui, the Joyous, whose attribute is gladness, is above;
Chen, the Arousing, which has the attribute of movement, is below.
Joy in movement induces following.
The Joyous is the youngest daughter, while
the Arousing is the eldest son.
An older man
- defers to a young girl and
- shows her consideration.
By this he moves her to follow him.
THE JUDGMENT
FOLLOWING has supreme success.
Perseverance furthers.
No blame.
In order to obtain a following one must first know how to adapt oneself.
If a man would rule he must first learn to serve,
for only in this way does he secure from those below him the joyous assent
that is necessary if they are to follow him.
If he has to obtain a following
- by force or cunning,
- by conspiracy or
- by creating factions,
he invariably arouses resistance, which obstructs willing adherence.
But even joyous movement can lead to evil consequences,
hence the added stipulation,
“Perseverance furthers”-that is, consistency in doing right – together with “No blame.”
- Just as we should not ask others to follow us unless this condition is fulfilled,
- so it is only under this condition that we can in turn follow others without coming to harm.
The thought of obtaining a following through adaptation to the demands of the time is a great and significant idea;
this is why the appended judgment is so favorable.
THE IMAGE
Thunder in the middle of the lake: The image of FOLLOWING.
Thus the superior man at nightfall
Goes indoors for rest and recuperation.
In the autumn electricity withdraws into the earth again and rests.
Here it is the thunder in the middle of the lake that serves as the image –
- thunder in its winter rest,
- not thunder in motion.
The idea of following in the sense of adaptation to the demands of the time
grows out of this image.
Thunder in the middle of the lake indicates times of
- darkness and
- rest.
Similarly, a superior man, after being tirelessly active all day,
allows himself rest and recuperation at night.
No situation can become favorable until one
- is able to adapt to it and
- does not wear himself out with mistaken resistance.
