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HEXAGRAM 27 – I – The Corners of the Mouth (Providing Nourishment)
Above KEN KEEPING STILL, MOUNTAIN
Below CHEN THE AROUSING, THUNDER
This hexagram is a picture of an open mouth;
- above and below are the firm lines of the lips, and
- between them the opening.
Starting with the mouth,
through which we take food for nourishment,
the thought leads to nourishment itself.
Nourishment
- of oneself, specifically of the body, is represented in the three lower lines,
- while the three upper lines represent nourishment and care of others, in a higher, spiritual sense.
THE JUDGMENT
THE CORNERS OF THE MOUTH.
Perseverance brings good fortune.
Pay heed
- to the providing of nourishment And
- to what a man seeks To fill his own mouth with.
In bestowing care and nourishment, it is important
- that the right people should be taken care of and
- that we should attend to our own nourishment in the right way.
If
- we wish to know what anyone is like,
-
we have only to observe
- on whom he bestows his care and
- what sides of his own nature he cultivates and nourishes.
- on whom he bestows his care and
Nature nourishes all creatures.
The great man fosters and takes care of superior men,
in order to take care of all men through them.
Mencius says about this:
If
- we wish to know whether anyone is superior or not,
- we need only observe what part of his being he regards as especially important.
The body has
- superior and inferior,
- important and unimportant parts.
We
- must not injure important parts for the sake of the unimportant,
- nor must we injure the superior parts for the sake of the inferior.
- He who cultivates the inferior parts of his nature is an inferior man.
- He who cultivates the superior parts of his nature is a superior man. 1
THE IMAGE
At the foot of the mountain, thunder:
The image of PROVIDING NOURISHMENT.
Thus the superior man is
- careful of his words And
- temperate in eating and drinking.
“God comes forth in the sign of the Arousing” 2:
when in the spring the life forces stir again,
all things come into being anew.
“He brings to perfection in the sign of Keeping Still”:
thus
in the early spring, when the seeds fall to earth,
all things are made ready.
This is an image of providing nourishment through
- movement and
- tranquility.
The superior man takes it as a pattern for the
- nourishment and
- cultivation of
his character.
- Words are a movement going from within outward.
- Eating and drinking are movements from without inward.
Both kinds of movement can be modified by tranquility.
For
tranquility
- keeps the words that come out of the mouth from exceeding proper measure, and
- keeps the food that goes into the mouth from exceeding its proper measure.
Thus character is cultivated.
THE LINES
Nine at the beginning means:
- You let your magic tortoise go, And
- look at me with the corners of your mouth drooping.
Misfortune.
The magic tortoise is a creature possessed of such supernatural powers that
it
- lives on air and
- needs no earthly nourishment.
The image means that
a man fitted by nature and position to live freely and independently
- renounces this self-reliance and instead
- looks with envy and discontent at others who are outwardly in better circumstances.
But such base envy only arouses derision and contempt in those others.
This has bad results.
Six in the second place means:
- Turning to the summit for nourishment,
- Deviating from the path To seek nourishment from the hill.
Continuing to do this brings misfortune.
Normally a person
- either provides his own means of nourishment
- or is supported in a proper way by those whose duty and privilege it is to provide for him.
If, owing to weakness of spirit,
a man cannot support himself,
a feeling of uneasiness comes over him;
this is because in shirking the proper way of obtaining a living,
he accepts support as a favor from those in higher place.
This is unworthy, for
he is deviating from his true nature.
Kept up indefinitely, this course leads to misfortune.
Six in the fourth place means:
- Turning to the summit For provision of nourishment
Brings good fortune.
- Spying about with sharp eyes Like a tiger with insatiable craving.
No blame.
-
In contrast to the six in the second place, which refers
- to a man bent exclusively on his own advantage,
- to a man bent exclusively on his own advantage,
-
this line refers
- to one occupying a high position and striving to let his light shine forth.
- to one occupying a high position and striving to let his light shine forth.
To do this
- he needs helpers ,
because
- he cannot attain his lofty aim alone.
With the greed of a hungry tiger
he is on the lookout for the right people.
Since he
- is not working for himself but for the good of all,
- there is no wrong in such zeal.
0 Six in the fifth place means:
Turning away from the path.
To remain persevering brings good fortune.
One should not cross the great water.
A man may be conscious of a deficiency in himself.
- He should be undertaking the nourishment of the people, but
- he has not the strength to do it.
Thus
he must
- turn from his accustomed path and
- beg counsel and help from a man who is spiritually his superior but undistinguished outwardly.
If he maintains this attitude of mind perseveringly,
success and good fortune are his.
But
- he must remain aware of his dependence.
-
He must not put his own person forward nor attempt great labors,
such as crossing the great water.
MOVING HEXAGRAM
HEXAGRAM 06 – Sung – Conflict
Above CH’IEN THE CREATIVE, HEAVEN
Below K’AN THE ABYSMAL, WATER
-
The upper trigram, whose image is heaven, has an upward movement;
the lower trigram, water, in accordance with its nature, tends downward.
Thus the two halves move away from each other, giving rise to the idea of conflict.
-
The attribute of the Creative is strength
that of the abysmal is danger, guile.
Where cunning has force before it, there is conflict.
-
A third indication of conflict, in terms of character, is presented by the combination of
deep cunning within and
fixed determination outwardly.
A person of this character will certainly be quarrelsome.
THE JUDGMENT
CONFLICT.
- You are sincere And
- are being obstructed.
A cautious halt halfway brings good fortune.
Going through to the end brings misfortune.
It furthers one to see the great man.
It does not further one to cross the great water.
Conflict develops when one
- feels himself to be in the right and
- runs into opposition.
If one is not convinced of being in the right, opposition leads
- to craftiness or high-handed encroachment but
- not to open conflict.
If a man is entangled in a conflict,
his only salvation lies in being so
- clear-headed and
- inwardly strong
that he is always ready to come to terms by meeting the opponent halfway.
To carry on the conflict to the bitter end has evil effects even when one is in the right,
because the enmity is then perpetuated.
It is important to see the great man,
that is, an impartial man whose authority is great enough to
- terminate the conflict amicably or
- assure a just decision.
In times of strife, crossing the great water is to be avoided, that is,
dangerous enterprises are not to be begun,
because in order to be successful they require concerted unity of forces.
Conflict within weakens the power to conquer danger without.
THE IMAGE
Heaven and water go their opposite ways: The image of Conflict.
Thus in all his transactions the superior man
Carefully considers the beginning.
The image indicates that
the causes of conflict are latent in the opposing tendencies of the two trigram.
Once these opposing tendencies appear, conflict is inevitable.
To avoid it, therefore, everything must be taken carefully into consideration in the very beginning.
- If rights and duties are exactly defined, or
- if, in a group, the spiritual trends of the individuals harmonize,
the cause of conflict is removed in advance.
